Special-purpose supercomputers are high-performance computing devices with a hardware architecture dedicated to a single problem. This allows the use of specially programmed FPGA chips or even custom VLSI chips, allowing higher price/performance ratios by sacrificing generality. They are used for applications such as astrophysics computation and brute-force codebreaking.
Examples of special-purpose supercomputers:
Deep Blue, for playing chess Reconfigurable computing machines or parts of machines GRAPE, for astrophysics and molecular dynamics Deep Crack, for breaking the DES cipher
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